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Review of the crushing response of collapsible tubular structures

Vivek PATEL, Gaurav TIWARI, Ravikumar DUMPALA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第15卷 第3期   页码 438-474 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0579-1

摘要： Studies on determining and analyzing the crushing response of tubular structures are of significant interest, primarily due to their relation to safety. Several aspects of tubular structures, such as geometry, material, configuration, and hybrid structure, have been used as criteria for evaluation. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of the important findings of extensive research on understanding the crushing response of thin-walled tubular structures is presented. Advancements in thin-walled structures, including multi-cell tube, honeycomb and foam-filled, multi wall, and functionally graded thickness tubes, are also discussed, focusing on their energy absorption ability. An extensive review of experimentation and numerical analysis used to extract the deformation behavior of materials, such as aluminum and steel, against static and dynamic loadings are also provided. Several tube shapes, such as tubes of uniform and nonuniform (tapered) cross sections of circular, square, and rectangular shapes, have been used in different studies to identify their efficacy. Apart from geometric and loading parameters, the effects of fabrication process, heat treatment, and triggering mechanism on initiating plastic deformation, such as cutouts and grooves, on the surface of tubular structures are discussed.

关键词： monolithic structure     crashworthiness     energy absorber     static and dynamic loadings     multicellular tube structure     filled tube    

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Spectral emittance measurements of micro/nanostructures in energy conversion: a review

Shiquan SHAN, Chuyang CHEN, Peter G. LOUTZENHISER, Devesh RANJAN, Zhijun ZHOU, Zhuomin M. ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 482-509 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0693-0

摘要： Micro/nanostructures play a key role in tuning the radiative properties of materials and have been applied to high-temperature energy conversion systems for improved performance. Among the various radiative properties, spectral emittance is of integral importance for the design and analysis of materials that function as radiative absorbers or emitters. This paper presents an overview of the spectral emittance measurement techniques using both the direct and indirect methods. Besides, several micro/nanostructures are also introduced, and a special emphasis is placed on the emissometers developed for characterizing engineered micro/nanostructures in high-temperature applications (e.g., solar energy conversion and thermophotovoltaic devices). In addition, both experimental facilities and measured results for different materials are summarized. Furthermore, future prospects in developing instrumentation and micro/nanostructured surfaces for practical applications are also outlined. This paper provides a comprehensive source of information for the application of micro/nanostructures in high-temperature energy conversion engineering.

关键词： concentrating solar power (CSP)     emittance measurements     high temperature     micro/nanostructure     selective absorber     selective emitter     thermophotovoltaics (TPV)    

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基于图案化 VO2薄膜的透明热可调微波吸收器 Article

陆振刚, 张怡蕾, 王赫岩, 夏超, 刘云菲, 豆书亮, 李垚, 谭久彬

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第29卷 第10期   页码 198-206 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.005

摘要：

理想的透明微波吸收器具有高光学透过率和强微波吸收能力，但是若其吸收性能固定，则会限制微波吸收器的应用。本文提出了一种基于二氧化钒(VO2)薄膜的透明热可调微波吸收器。理论计算和实验结果表明，所提出的吸波器在620 nm波长处可以实现84.9%的高光学透过率，同时通过控制温度，15.06 GHz频点处的反射损耗可在-4.257 dB到-60.179 dB范围内调谐并且在523.75 K温度时实现近1吸收。同时，仅通过调控图案化VO2薄膜的占空比即可改变实现近1吸收时的温度。所提出的基于VO2薄膜的吸波器具有组成简单，光学透过率高，微波吸收性能热可调，调制深度大，温度调节范围可控等优点，因此有望应用于可调传感器、热发射器、调制器、热成像仪、辐射热测定器和光电器件中。

关键词： 可调微波吸收器     VO2薄膜     光学透明     仅1吸收     大调制深度    

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Design and analysis of Salisbury screens and Jaumann absorbers for solar radiation absorption

Xing FANG, C. Y. ZHAO, Hua BAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 158-168 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0542-6

摘要： Two types of resonance absorbers, i.e., Salisbury screens and Jaumann absorbers are systematically investigated in solar radiation absorption. Salisbury screen is a metal-dielectric-metal structure which overcomes the drawback of bulky thickness for solar spectrum. Such structures have a good spectral selective absorption property, which is also insensitive to incident angles and polarizations. To further broaden absorption bandwidth, more metal and dielectric films are taken in the structure to form Jaumann absorbers. To design optimized structural parameters, the admittance matching equations have been derived in this paper to give good initial structures, which are valuable for the following optimization. Moreover, the analysis of admittance loci has been conducted to directly show the effect of each layer on the spectral absorptivity, and then the effect of thin films is well understood. Since the fabrication of these layered absorbers is much easier than that of other nanostructured absorbers, Salisbury screen and Jaumann absorbers have a great potential in large-area applications.

关键词： thin films     admittance loci     solar absorber    

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一种作为主动控制宽带吸波器的热可调超材料 Article

邢校菖, 曹阳, 田小永, 吴玲玲

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第20卷 第1期   页码 143-152 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.028

摘要：

近年来，超材料因其操纵电磁波的强大能力而受到越来越多的关注。然而，大多数先前报道的超材料无法动态调控超宽波段电磁波。在本文中，我们提出了一种使用具有不同相变温度的石蜡基复合材料（PDCs）来实现热可调谐宽带吸波的超材料结构体（T-TBM）。通过在不同相变温度下控制PD-Cs 的固液态，实现了从低频到高频的T-TBM反射损耗峰值的动态调控。T-TBM可以改变吸收峰值带宽（反射损耗值小于−30 dB），并且通过调整T-TBM 的温度依然满足宽带吸波（反射损耗值小于−10 dB）。实验结果表明，T-TBM中PD-Cs的相变恒温效应为在不同热条件下主动控制电磁波吸收响应提供了时间窗口。该器件在电磁吸收、智能超材料、多功能结构器件等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词： 超材料     主动控制     热可调     宽带吸波    

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以InSe作为可饱和吸收体的传统孤子光纤激光器 Research

刘晓娟1,王国梅1,2,朱明晓1,韩克祯1,张文飞1,2,张华年1,2

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第22卷 第3期   页码 287-436 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000387

摘要： InSe是一种典型层状金属硫化物半导体，在超快光子学器件开发方面具有巨大应用潜力。本文通过混合InSe纳米片和PVA形成InSe-PVA薄膜制备可饱和吸收体。InSe可饱和吸收体表现出明显的非线性吸收特性，非饱和吸收和调制深度分别为37.5%和9.55%。以InSe为锁模器件，在掺铒光纤激光器中产生了传统孤子。中心波长、传统孤子脉宽和脉冲频率分别为1568.73 nm、2.06 ps和1.731 MHz。在泵功率为413 mW时，最大平均输出功率为16.4 mW。这是首次以InSe为锁模器件产生的传统孤子激光。实验进一步证明InSe是一种可应用于超光纤激光的优秀非线性吸收材料。

关键词： 光纤激光器；纳米片；传统孤子    

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Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 931-942 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0771-y

摘要： Diverse interactions between microwaves and irradiated media provide a solid foundation for identifying novel organization pathways for energy flow. In this study, a high-energy-site phenomenon and targeted-energy transition mechanism were identified in a particular microwave heating (MH) process. Intense discharges were observed when microwaves were imposed on irregularly sized SiC particles, producing tremendous heat that was 8-fold the amount generated in the discharge-free case. Energy efficiency was thereby greatly improved in the electricity-microwaves-effective heat transition. Meanwhile, the dispersed microwave field energy concentrated in small sites, where local temperatures could reach 2000°C– 4000°C, with the energy density reaching up to 4.0 × 105 W/kg. This can be called a high-energy site phenomenon which could induce further processes or reactions enhancement by coupling effects of heat, light, and plasma. The whole process, including microwave energy concentration and intense site-energy release, shapes a targeted-energy transition mechanism that can be optimized in a controlled manner through morphology design. In particular, the discharge intensity, frequency, and high-energy sites were strengthened through the fabrication of sharp nano/microstructures, conferring twice the energy efficiency of untreated metal wires. The microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition provide an important pathway for high-efficiency energy deployment and may lead to promising applications.

关键词： microwave discharge     high-energy sites     targeted-energy transition     morphology design     energy efficiency    

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Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

Dingding TONG, Jing ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 388-398 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0273-7

摘要： The energy consumption of campus buildings has specific characteristics, because of the concentrated distribution of people’s working time and locations that change in line with distinct seasonal features. The traditional energy system design and operation for campus buildings is only based on the constant room temperature, such as 25°C in summer and 18°C in winter in China, not taking into consideration the real heating or cooling load characteristics of campus buildings with different functions during the whole day and whole year, which usually results in a lot of energy waste. This paper proposes to set different set-point temperatures in different operation stages of public and residential campus buildings to reduce the heating and cooling design load for energy station and total campus energy consumption for annual operation. Taking a campus under construction in Tianjin, China as an example, two kinds of single building models were established as the typical public building and residential building models on the campus. Besides, the models were simulated at both set-point room temperature and constant room temperature respectively. The comparison of the simulation results showed that the single building energy saving method of the peak load clipping could be used for further analysis of the annual energy consumption of campus building groups. The results proved that the strategy of set-point temperature optimization could efficiently reduce the design load and energy consumption of campus building groups.

关键词： campus buildings     set-point temperature     energy simulation     energy saving optimization    

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Modeling China’s energy dilemma: conflicts among energy saving, energy security, and CO 2 mitigation

Feng FU, Zheng LI, Linwei MA,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 295-300 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0104-z

摘要： This study analyzes China’s future energy scenarios stretching until 2050 under different policy portfolios of energy security (e.g., oil import dependency) and CO emissions control. Four scenarios, namely, ① business as usual, ② strong oil import dependency (OID) control, ③ strong CO emissions control, and ④ twofold emphasis on OID and CO emissions control, are designed. The results reveal the existence of conflicts among China’s multiple objectives, particularly energy saving, energy security, and CO mitigation. Based on the analysis, an improvement in China’s efficiency in fossil energy conversion and the promotion of the utilization of non-fossil energy such as nuclear, wind, and hydro energy are recommended. The over-development of coal-derived fuels should also be avoided because of incremental coal consumption and CO emissions. Furthermore, research on and development of carbon capture and storage technologies should be promoted, while the energy efficiency loss caused by integrating these technologies into energy systems should be reduced in view of the high possibility of stricter standards for CO emissions in the future.

关键词： Energy dilemma     energy saving     energy security     CO2 mitigation    

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基于二硫化钛可饱和吸收体的被动锁模掺铒光纤激光器 Research Articles

尚新新1,3,4,郭林广1,3,4,张华年2,李登旺1,3,4,岳庆炀1,3,4

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第22卷 第5期   页码 615-766 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000341

摘要： 本文采用液相剥离法和旋涂法合成调制深度为5.08%、饱和强度为10.62 MW/cm2的二硫化钛聚乙烯醇薄膜型可饱和吸收体。由于二硫化钛可饱和吸收体具有很强的非线性饱和吸收特性，在掺铒锁模光纤激光器中观测到两种类型的光孤子。当泵浦功率达到67.3 mW时，产生重复率为1.716 MHz、脉宽为6.57 ps的传统锁模脉冲串，其输出光谱中心为1556.98 nm、半高全宽为0.466 nm，且有明显对称的Kelly边带。通过调整偏振控制器，得到另一种锁模脉冲，在517.2 mW泵浦功率下，其最大输出功率为3.92 mW，脉冲能量为2.28 nJ。实验证明层状二维材料二硫化钛具有优异的非线性饱和吸收特性，在超快光子学领域具有广阔应用前景。

关键词： 光纤激光器；被动锁模；可饱和吸收体；二硫化钛    

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Blockchain in energy systems: values, opportunities, and limitations

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 9-18 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0818-8

摘要： The structure of a power energy system is becoming more distributed than before. It becomes challenging to manage such a system in a centralized way, because a central authority may not exist or may not be trusted by all parties. Blockchain is a promising tool to address this challenge, by enabling trusted collaboration in the absence of a trusted central authority. Its use in the energy sector has been pioneered by several pilot projects. However, to date the energy sector has not seen large-scale deployment of blockchain, partly because the founders of those pilot projects, the public, and utilities have not reached consensus on the values and limitations of blockchain in energy. This perspective aims to bridge this gap. First, the philosophy and unique values of blockchain are discussed. Second, some promising blockchain-based applications in energy systems are presented. Third, some common misunderstandings of blockchain in energy are discussed. Last, some frequently-asked questions from utilities are discussed. Hopefully this perspective can help advance large-scale deployment of blockchain in energy systems.

关键词： blockchain     immutability     energy trading     energy management     data synchronization    

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Unconventional energy: Seeking the ways to innovate energy science and technology

Jing LIU, Zhixiong GUO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第2期   页码 195-197 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0568-9

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Impact of household transitions on domestic energy consumption and its applicability to urban energy

Benachir MEDJDOUB, Moulay Larbi CHALAL

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 171-183 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017029

摘要： The household sector consumes roughly 30% of Earth’s energy resources and emits approximately 17% of its carbon dioxide. As such, developing appropriate policies to reduce the CO emissions, which are associated with the world’s rapidly growing urban population, is a high priority. This, in turn, will enable the creation of cities that respect the natural environment and the well-being of future generations. However, most of the existing expertise focuses on enhancing the thermal quality of buildings through building physics while few studies address the social and behavioral aspects. In fact, focusing on these aspects should be more prominent, as they cause between 4% and 30% of variation in domestic energy consumption. Premised on that, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect in the context of the UK of household transitions on household energy consumption patterns. To achieve this, we applied statistical procedures (e.g., logistic regression) to official panel survey data comprising more than 5500 households in the UK tracked annually over the course of 18 years. This helped in predicting future transition patterns for different household types for the next 10 to 15 years. Furthermore, it enabled us to study the relationship between the predicted patterns and the household energy usage for both gas and electricity. The findings indicate that the life cycle transitions of a household significantly influence its domestic energy usage. However, this effect is mostly positive in direction and weak in magnitude. Finally, we present our developed urban energy model “EvoEnergy” to demonstrate the importance of incorporating such a concept in energy forecasting for effective sustainable energy decision-making.

关键词： urban energy planning     household transitions     smart cities     energy forecasting     household projection     serious gaming    

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Linking renewables and fossil fuels with carbon capture via energy storage for a sustainable energy future

Dawid P. Hanak, Vasilije Manovic

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 453-459 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1892-2

摘要： Renewable energy sources and low-carbon power generation systems with carbon capture and storage (CCS) are expected to be key contributors towards the decarbonisation of the energy sector and to ensure sustainable energy supply in the future. However, the variable nature of wind and solar power generation systems may affect the operation of the electricity system grid. Deployment of energy storage is expected to increase grid stability and renewable energy utilisation. The power sector of the future, therefore, needs to seek a synergy between renewable energy sources and low-carbon fossil fuel power generation. This can be achieved via wide deployment of CCS linked with energy storage. Interestingly, recent progress in both the CCS and energy storage fields reveals that technologies such as calcium looping are technically viable and promising options in both cases. Novel integrated systems can be achieved by integrating these applications into CCS with inherent energy storage capacity, as well as linking other CCS technologies with renewable energy sources via energy storage technologies, which will maximise the profit from electricity production, mitigate efficiency and economic penalties related to CCS, and improve renewable energy utilisation.

关键词： carbon capture     energy storage     renewable energy sources     decarbonisation     fossil fuels    

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Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 392-408 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0212-6

摘要： The diffusion of new energy vehicles (NEVs), such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), is critical to the transportation sector’s deep decarbonization. The cost of energy chains is an important factor in the diffusion of NEVs. Although researchers have addressed the technological learning effect of NEVs and the life cycle emissions associated with the diffusion of NEVs, little work has been conducted to analyze the life cycle costs of different energy chains associated with different NEVs in consideration of technological learning potential. Thus, relevant information on investment remains insufficient to promote the deployment of NEVs. This study proposes a systematic framework that includes various (competing or coordinated) energy chains of NEVs formed with different technologies of power generation and transmission, hydrogen production and transportation, power-to-liquid fuel, and fuel transportation. The levelized costs of three typical carbon-neutral energy chains are investigated using the life cycle cost model and considering the technological learning effect. Results show that the current well-to-pump levelized costs of the energy chains in China for BEVs, FCVs, and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) are approximately 3.60, 4.31, and 2.21 yuan/GJ, respectively, and the well-to-wheel levelized costs are 4.50, 6.15, and 7.51 yuan/GJ, respectively. These costs primarily include raw material costs, and they vary greatly for BEVs and FCVs from resource and consumer costs. In consideration of the technological learning effect, the energy chains’ well-to-wheel levelized costs are expected to decrease by 24.82% for BEVs, 27.12% for FCVs, and 19.25% for ICEVs by 2060. This work also summarizes policy recommendations on developing energy chains to promote the diffusion of NEVs in China.

关键词： energy chain     new energy vehicle     internal combustion engine vehicle     life cycle cost     technological learning    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Review of the crushing response of collapsible tubular structures

Vivek PATEL, Gaurav TIWARI, Ravikumar DUMPALA

期刊论文

Spectral emittance measurements of micro/nanostructures in energy conversion: a review

Shiquan SHAN, Chuyang CHEN, Peter G. LOUTZENHISER, Devesh RANJAN, Zhijun ZHOU, Zhuomin M. ZHANG

期刊论文

基于图案化 VO2薄膜的透明热可调微波吸收器

陆振刚, 张怡蕾, 王赫岩, 夏超, 刘云菲, 豆书亮, 李垚, 谭久彬

期刊论文

Design and analysis of Salisbury screens and Jaumann absorbers for solar radiation absorption

Xing FANG, C. Y. ZHAO, Hua BAO

期刊论文

一种作为主动控制宽带吸波器的热可调超材料

邢校菖, 曹阳, 田小永, 吴玲玲

期刊论文

以InSe作为可饱和吸收体的传统孤子光纤激光器

刘晓娟1,王国梅1,2,朱明晓1,韩克祯1,张文飞1,2,张华年1,2

期刊论文

Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

期刊论文

Analysis of energy saving optimization of campus buildings based on energy simulation

Dingding TONG, Jing ZHAO

期刊论文

Modeling China’s energy dilemma: conflicts among energy saving, energy security, and CO 2 mitigation

Feng FU, Zheng LI, Linwei MA,

期刊论文

基于二硫化钛可饱和吸收体的被动锁模掺铒光纤激光器

尚新新1,3,4,郭林广1,3,4,张华年2,李登旺1,3,4,岳庆炀1,3,4

期刊论文

Blockchain in energy systems: values, opportunities, and limitations

期刊论文

Unconventional energy: Seeking the ways to innovate energy science and technology

Jing LIU, Zhixiong GUO

期刊论文

Impact of household transitions on domestic energy consumption and its applicability to urban energy

Benachir MEDJDOUB, Moulay Larbi CHALAL

期刊论文

Linking renewables and fossil fuels with carbon capture via energy storage for a sustainable energy future

Dawid P. Hanak, Vasilije Manovic

期刊论文

Levelized costs of the energy chains of new energy vehicles targeted at carbon neutrality in China

期刊论文